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IT & Cyber Security

SOC Type 2 (System and Organization Controls Type 2)

SOC Type 2 (System and Organization Controls Type 2) is an auditing standard developed by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) to assess the effectiveness of a service organization's internal controls related to security, availability, processing integrity, confidentiality, and privacy over a period of time (typically 3–12 months).

✅ Types:

  • SOC 2 Type 1 – Evaluates control design at a point in time.
  • SOC 2 Type 2 – Assesses control effectiveness over time (3–12 months).

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SOC Type 2 (System and Organization Controls Type 2)

Key Details of SOC 2 Type 2

Purpose

  • Evaluates the operational effectiveness of security controls over a period of time.
  • Ensures that a service provider follows best practices in handling customer data.

Trust Service Criteria (TSC)
The audit assesses the organization against five TSC principles:

  • Security – Protection against unauthorized access.
  • Availability – Ensuring system uptime and performance.
  • Processing Integrity – Accuracy, completeness, and timeliness of data processing.
  • Confidentiality – Protection of sensitive data from unauthorized access.
  • Privacy – Proper handling of personal information based on regulatory requirements.

Differences Between SOC 1, SOC 2, and SOC 3

  • SOC 1 – Focuses on financial controls relevant to financial reporting.
  • SOC 2 Type 1 – A point-in-time audit of control design.
  • SOC 2 Type 2 – Evaluates controls over a period (3-12 months) to measure effectiveness.
  • SOC 3 – A publicly available summary report of SOC 2 without detailed findings.

Who Needs SOC 2 Type 2?

  • SaaS providers
  • Cloud service providers
  • Data centers
  • Any organization handling customer data that wants to build trust

Audit Process

  • Scoping – Identify relevant trust criteria.
  • Gap Assessment – Identify weaknesses before the audit.
  • Control Testing – Auditors review policies, procedures, and logs.
  • Reporting – A detailed audit report is issued.

SOC 2 Type 2 Report Contents

  • Management's Description of system and controls.
  • Auditor’s Opinion on effectiveness.
  • Test Results for each trust principle.
  • Findings & Remediation Steps if any issues are found.

Why SOC 2 Type 2 Matters

  • Provides assurance to customers about data security.
  • Helps meet compliance requirements (ISO 27001, GDPR, HIPAA).
  • Strengthens an organization's security posture and market credibility.

Table of contents

SOC 2 Type 2 Compliance Checklist

1. General Readiness & Scoping

✅ Define Scope

  • Have you identified which Trust Service Criteria (TSC) apply? (Security is mandatory; others depend on business needs.)
  • Have you defined the systems, people, and processes in scope for SOC 2?

✅ Engage an Auditor

  • Have you selected a SOC 2 auditor (CPA firm) for the assessment?
  • Have you defined the audit period (3–12 months)?

✅ Perform a Readiness Assessment

  • Have you conducted a gap analysis to identify missing controls?
  • Have you implemented corrective actions for any gaps?

✅ Documentation & Policies

  • Have you created a SOC 2 Security Policy?
  • Do you have a Risk Management Framework in place?
  • Do you maintain an Incident Response Plan?

2. Security (Required for All SOC 2 Reports)

✅ Access Control

  • Do you enforce Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) for all critical systems?
  • Do you implement role-based access control (RBAC) for user permissions?
  • Are terminated employees’ access revoked immediately?

✅ Network & Infrastructure Security

  • Do you monitor and log all system access and changes?
  • Are firewalls and intrusion detection systems (IDS/IPS) in place?
  • Is data encrypted at rest and in transit?

✅ Security Awareness Training

  • Do employees receive regular cybersecurity training?
  • Are phishing simulations conducted to test employee awareness?

✅ Vulnerability & Incident Management

  • Do you perform regular vulnerability scans and penetration tests?
  • Is there an Incident Response Plan with defined response steps?

3. Availability (Optional)

✅ System Monitoring & Uptime

  • Do you have system uptime monitoring and alerts?
  • Are there disaster recovery (DR) and business continuity plans (BCP)?
  • Do you conduct periodic disaster recovery drills?

✅ Capacity Planning

  • Do you have scalability planning to handle increased load?
  • Do you track system performance to ensure availability?

4. Processing Integrity (Optional)

✅ Data Accuracy & Processing Controls

  • Do you have automated error-checking mechanisms in place?
  • Are there audit trails to track data modifications?
  • Do you have a change management process for system updates?

✅ Timely Processing of Transactions

  • Do you have SLAs defining processing time requirements?
  • Is system performance tested against expected benchmarks?

5. Confidentiality (Optional)

✅ Data Protection & Encryption

  • Is sensitive data encrypted in transit and at rest?
  • Do you have DLP (Data Loss Prevention) solutions implemented?
  • Are access controls in place for restricted data?

✅ Third-Party Vendor Management

  • Do you perform security assessments on third-party vendors?
  • Are confidentiality agreements (NDAs) signed with vendors?

6. Privacy (Optional)

✅ Personal Data Protection

  • Do you comply with GDPR, CCPA, or other privacy regulations?
  • Is user consent obtained before collecting personal data?
  • Can users request data deletion or modification?

✅ Privacy Policy & Transparency

  • Is there a clear privacy policy publicly available?
  • Do you conduct regular privacy impact assessments (PIAs)?

Next Steps:

  1. Review your checklist and mark areas needing improvement.
  2. Address gaps through policy updates, security controls, and system enhancements.
  3. Schedule a pre-audit assessment with a SOC 2 consultant.
  4. Undergo the formal SOC 2 audit to receive your report.

Table of contents

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